Skin produces Hyaluronic Acid—a water-loving compound that can retain 1,000 times its weight in moisture— naturally. Hyaluronic Acid plumps, cushions and hydrates skin providing the effect of filling or smoothing, making skin appear “younger.”

Niacinamide is a water-soluble form of Vitamin B3, which works as an anti-inflammatory to help brighten, repair and firm skin, while slowing the signs of aging. Niacinamide is most often used to address concerns around fine lines, dullness, and loss of collagen and elastin. Vitamins A, B and C work better in teams, so try to layer products with these ingredients for even better results.

"Retinoids" is an umbrella term that includes retinols and other forms of vitamin A found in both prescription medications and cosmetics. In the skin, Retinol (ROL) is oxidized into Retinaldehyde (RAL), which in turn is oxidized into RA, the biologically active form of vitamin A. Retinol in skincare products containing ROL and RAL work because once absorbed they are metabolized to Retinoic Acid (RA), which studies show effectively addresses concerns of fine lines and wrinkles and overall skin tone and roughness.

Vitamin C is a powerhouse antioxidant – including Vitamin C in your diet can help protect against cell damage and premature signs of aging. Topically, in personal care products, Vitamin C has long been celebrated for making skin appear brighter, and feel firmer and tighter.